ISO 14001 Standards – Emergency Preparedness and Response Plans

ISO 14001 Section 4.4.7, Emergency Preparedness and Response, requires that organizations establish and maintain procedure(s) to:

1. Identify potential accidents and emergencies

2. Respond to accidents and emergencies

3. Prevent and mitigate the environmental impacts that may be associated with accidents and emergencies.

Section 4.4.7 also requires that organizations review and revise, when necessary, their emergency preparedness

and response procedure(s), especially after an accident or emergency situation. Organizations must also periodically test such procedures where practicable.

Most organizations have already developed and implemented emergency response plans to comply with various federal and state regulations that require such plans. Examples of federal regulations that require such plans include:

• Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) Contingency Plans

• Spill Prevention, Control, and Countermeasures (SPCC) Plans

• Facility Oil Response Plans under the Oil Pollution Prevention Act of 1990

• Employee Emergency and Fire Prevention Plans under Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA).

Some states have regulations that require similar emergency response plans. For instance, the state of Pennsylvania requires certain facilities to develop and implement a Preparedness, Prevention, and Contingency (PPC) Plan in addition to federal requirements.

The ISO 14001 requirements are similar to the requirements of most regulatory emergency plans. Whether your facility has emergency response plans or not, you should review the following sections to ensure you meet the ISO 14001 emergency response requirements.

ISO 14001 Section 4.4.7, Emergency Preparedness and Response, requires that organizations establish and maintain procedure(s) to:

1. Identify potential accidents and emergencies

2. Respond to accidents and emergencies

3. Prevent and mitigate the environmental impacts that may be associated with accidents and emergencies.

Section 4.4.7 also requires that organizations review and revise, when necessary, their emergency preparedness

and response procedure(s), especially after an accident or emergency situation. Organizations must also periodically test such procedures where practicable.

Most organizations have already developed and implemented emergency response plans to comply with various federal and state regulations that require such plans. Examples of federal regulations that require such plans include:

• Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) Contingency Plans

• Spill Prevention, Control, and Countermeasures (SPCC) Plans

• Facility Oil Response Plans under the Oil Pollution Prevention Act of 1990

• Employee Emergency and Fire Prevention Plans under Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA).

Some states have regulations that require similar emergency response plans. For instance, the state of Pennsylvania requires certain facilities to develop and implement a Preparedness, Prevention, and Contingency (PPC) Plan in addition to federal requirements.

The ISO 14001 requirements are similar to the requirements of most regulatory emergency plans. Whether your facility has emergency response plans or not, you should review the following sections to ensure you meet the ISO 14001 emergency response requirements.

The History Of ISO 14001 Environmental Management System

The History Establishment Of ISO 14001 Environmental Management System

Environmental management began in earnest around 1970 as a direct result of environmental catastrophes and governmental reaction to those catastrophes. In many countries, environmental regulations that focus on control of environmentally damaging emissions to air, discharges to water, and disposal of hazardous wastes were instituted in an effort to prevent future environmental catastrophes and to limit toxic releases to the environment. Regulations, however, too often had the effect of placing a ceiling on environmental performance. Many industrial organizations, reacting negatively to governmental environmental regulations that
they view as being based on bad science, adding unnecessary costs, or making them uncompetitive in international markets, have restricted their environmental management efforts to complying with regulations and nothing morIn response, global institutions, recognizing the interconnected problems of persistent environmental degradation, growing economic divisions, and associated poverty and hunger, developed programs to begin to bring economic and social goals into balance with ecological and natural resource preservation. In 1992, the Global Environmental Summit, convened in Rio de Janeiro by the United Nations, brought representatives of 178 nations together to endorse Agenda 21: The Program of Action for Sustainable Development. Agenda 21 details the actions that are necessary on the part of organizations of all kinds if sustainability is to be achieved and collapse of economic, environmental, and social systems is to be avoided.
A second global summit, the World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD), was held in Johannesburg in Summer 2002. In tabulating the results since the Rio summit, the WSSD determined that all environmental trends had experienced further degradation and that the only sustainability gains to be reported were progress against infectious diseases, the global literacy rate, and the greater inclusion of women in society’s activities. The significance of Rio is that it marks the time when much of the world realized that we cannot continue on the same path we have been on. The significance of Johannesburg is the realization that, in spite of enormous effort on the part of many institutions, humankind is losing the battle for sustainability.
ISO 14001 is the EMS Specification developed by the international Organization for Standardization (ISO) of Geneva, Switzerland as a part of the ISO 14000 series ofenvironmental management documents. It was issued as both an International and American National Standard in September 1996. The Second Edition of ISO 14001, ISO 14001:2004, was issued as an International Standard on November 15, 2004 and subsequently as an American National Standard.
ISO 14001 establishes a framework for the conduct of environmental management by requiring the organization to define an Environmental Policy and establish sixteen management procedures that support the policy. Many of the ISO 14001 procedures already exist in some form within organizations and only require modification to meet the requirements of ISO 14001. Other procedures have to be added in their entirety. All of the ISO 14001 procedures represent best management practices as defined by a consensus of the representatives of more than 50 national standards bodies and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) who participated in the development of ISO 14001:1996 from early 1993 through July 1, 1995 and in
the development of the Second Edition from early 2002 until mid-2004.

IS0 14001 – HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT

Firstly ISO 14000 environment system standards was prepared in June of 1992 year in Rio at world apex and this standard brooks decisions of this world apex and Rio contract principles. After 1 year, ISO established one technique committee which is yielded by 50 different country representatives to prepare international environment management system in 1993 year. ISO 14001 environment management system standard was issued in September of 1996 year with works of this committee. ISO 14001 standard is used as voluntary now but ISO 14001 will be burden by coercions of societies, international organizations, states in the future. Levels which environment management system passed are the following briefly: = Europe community countries issued I action plan in 1973 year (to practice protecting preventions of environment ) = BS 7750 Standard in 1992 = Rio Declaration in 1992 year = ISO/TC 207. Environmental management technique committee was established in 1993 year to develop ISO 14000 family standards = TS 9719 standard (environment management system – General features) in 1994 year = ISO 14001 standard in 1996 year = ISO 14001 current version in April of 2005 Nisan 2005

Role of Governments in ISO 14001 Standards

Role of Governments in ISO 14001 Standards

Although ISO 14001 is a set of voluntary standards that individual companies may or may not choose to adopt, governments can clearly have a role in providing information, establishing the necessary framework and infrastructure, and, in some cases, helping companies to develop the
basic capabilities to adopt ISO 14001. There are wo particular areas in which government action would be useful:
(a) providing information on he sectors and markets where ISO 14001 certification s a significant issue and assisting sector rganizations to develop appropriate responses, and
(b) helping to establish a certification framework, ased on strengthening national standards organizations and encouraging competitive private sector provision of auditing and certification
services. At present, the World Bank is having discussions with a number of countries about how assistance could be provided with these issues.

Governments should see EMS approaches as part of a broad environmental strategy that includes regulatory systems, appropriate financial incentives, and encouragement of improved industrial performance. Such encouragement can really only be effective where there is cooperation at the government level between the relevant departments, including industry and trade, as well as environment. There is a growing interest in integrating environmental management issues into productivity or competitiveness centers designed to promote SME performance, but little information exists on experience to date.

The Benefits To Integrate ISO 14001:2004 and ISO 9001:2008

The Benefits To Integrate ISO 14001:2004 and ISO 9001:2008

Reduce the time and cost of implementing the new specification by acquiring a concise, yet thorough understanding the scope of ISO 14001:2004 and key terms.

Avoid spinning your wheels by learning precisely which modifications and additions to ISO 14001:2004 require your attention for compliance with ISO 9001:2008.

Get a quick handle, through hands-on activities, on the environmental aspects of ISO 14001:2004, including how to:
- Develop an environmental policy statement appropriate for your company
- Integrate processes for identifying environmental aspects and impacts
- Identify environmental objectives, set related targets, and establish programs for achieving results
- Integrate environmental responsibilities and authorities into a management system
- Outline an environmental awareness and training program
- Establish environmental metrics and indicators for monitoring performance
- Integrate requirements on non-conformance and corrective and preventive actions into your existing system
- Understand the purpose and scope of the environmental management review
- Integrate document control requirements of ISO 14001:2004 into your current system
- Identify those operations that need to be controlled under EMS and identify emergency operations and contingencies that must be considered as part of EMS

Get off to a running start by learning to use a versatile prioritization matrix to identify and prioritize significant environmental aspects and impacts.

Optimize understanding and retention with the Plexus Learning Model
- Multiple learning channels through lecture, coaching, group activities, innovative learning exercises and case studies.
- Hands-on insights. Lecturing is minimized so learning is maximized.
- Learn by doing. Connect the lessons learned to your real world by using your current circumstances as examples for activities.

Introduction to ISO Certification

Certification is a way to attest, by the intermediary of a third-party certifier, to a company’s ability to provide a service, product or system in accordance with client requirements and regulation requirements. ISO and IEC give the following definition:

Procedure by which a third party gives written assurance
that a product, process or service complies with the requirements
specified in a benchmark.The ISO 9000 family of standards corresponds to all the management best practices benchmarks as regards quality, which are defined by ISO (the International Organisation for Standardization).

ISO 9000 standards were originally written in 1987, with revisions taking place in 1994 and 2000. Thus, the 2000 version of the ISO 9001 standard, which is part of the ISO 9000 family, is written “ISO 9001:2000″. The ISO 9001:2000 standard mainly focuses on the processes used to produce a service or product, whereas the ISO 9001:1994 standard was mainly focused on the product itself. Here is an overview of all the different standards in the ISO 9000 family:

ISO 9000: “Quality Management Systems – Basic Principles and Vocabulary”. The ISO 9000 standard describes the principles of a quality management system and defines the terminology
ISO 9001: “Quality Management Systems – Requirements”. The ISO 9001 standard describes the requirements relative to a quality management system either for internal use or for contractual or certification purposes. Therefore, this standard is a group of requirements that companies must follow
ISO 9004: “Quality Management Systems – Guidelines for Improving Performance”. This standard, which is intended for internal use and not for contractual purposes, focuses particularly on continually improving performance
ISO 10011: “Guidelines for auditing quality management and/or environmental management systems”.

Emergency Preparedness and Response In ISO 14001

Emergency Preparedness and Response In ISO 14001

Under the Emergency Preparedness and Response requirement of ISO 14001:2004 (§4.4.7), the organization is required to establish procedures for identifying the potential for and responding to emergency situations and accidents that can have an impact on the environment.

Identification of Potential Emergency and Accident Situations – Experience indicates that organizations infrequently have a preexisting procedure for identifying potential emergency and accident situations.
The norm is to establish emergency and accident responses for a variety of emergency and accident situations irrespective of the potential for their occurrence. But ISO 14001 is specific about requiring a procedure to identify the potential for emergency situations and accidents. Adhering to the requirement of the procedure is a valuable exercise that helps organizations identify weaknesses in their own emergency planning and to plan for that which is most likely to occur.
Because many environmental impacts of an emergency or accident situation are secondary in nature, it appears that all potential emergency or accident situations need to be identified before a determination of environmental impacts can be made. An organization that attempts to identify potential emergency or accident situations based on a review of its environmental aspects would likely miss the environmental impact potential of, say, an automobile accident.

There are five steps implied by the emergency preparedness and response requirement:

1) Identify the potential for emergency situations and accidents of all kinds;
2) Paying particular attention to the potential environmental impacts of accidents and emergency situations, identify how the organization can prevent and mitigate associated adverse environmental impacts;
3) Determine how the organization and its employees should respond to emergency situations and accidents;
4) Periodically simulate emergency situations to test response capabilities; and,
5) Review and revise procedures based on experience derived from actual and simulated emergency situations and accidents.

Accident and Emergency Situation Identification – In order to identify potential for and responding to emergency situations and accidents, the organization should develop a procedure for systematically identifying accident and emergency situations, evaluating their probability of occurrence, their likely consequences, and their severity.
Organizations often engage risk management specialists to assist in the identification of potential emergency or accident situations that could lead to human injury, environmental damage, or economic loss. While many checklists are available to facilitate this kind of evaluation, there is virtually no substitute for physical evaluation of facilities by knowledgeable personnel, whether employees or outside professionals.

Emergency Response Procedures – The organization is required to develop procedures for responding to emergency situations and accidents when they occur. Typically, response procedures include identifying public emergency response agencies and their capabilities, identifying individuals within the organization who are trained and able to provide assistance in emergencies, establishing an emergency communications network, and providing emergency lighting, signage, and equipment. Because Emergency Response Procedures are based on identified potential emergency situations and accidents specific to the organization, the emergency response plan will be unique for each organization.

Periodic Testing – The value of conducting emergency response exercises lies not only with simulating situations that could occur but also in identifying flaws in the response plan. Practice drills can be the most effective test of the system to give employees, emergency response personnel, and management the opportunity to walk through the plan and gain familiarity with its procedures. While a full-dress response exercise is valuable, testing of procedures can be effectively done on much smaller scales and still provide the benefits of testing. Above all, the organization should not let the impracticality of a full-dress exercise keep it from testing sub elements of the emergency response plan.

Review and Revise – ISO 14001 calls for continual improvement of the EMS. Periodically reviewing and revising emergency response plans based on the experience gained from the occurrence of emergency situations or accidents or in testing response plans is an example of continual improvement.

Written Response Plans – Many written emergency response plans are too cumbersome to be of value in an emergency situation – their value depends entirely upon previous training of persons who will be called upon to execute them. Yet, many organizations fail to provide the emergency response training necessary to make the plans functional.
Keeping in mind that even the simplest, most direct emergency response plan requires training for effective implementation, an alternative for organizations to consider is establishment of abbreviated, readily available Immediate Response Directions established for each kind of potential emergency situation or accident. Such an emergency response plan might consist of a laminated card prepared for each potential emergency situation or accident and providing specific responsibilities and associated actions for employees and visitors, supervisors, emergency coordinators, and emergency directors.